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1. Case Studies
2. Guidelines and Tools
3. Developing Workplace Policies
4. Capacity building and HIV/AIDS in the Workplace
5a. Impact of HIV/AIDS on Organisations
5b. Impact of HIV/AIDS on Societies
6. Counting the Cost of HIV/AIDS on Organisations
7. Donors’ Responses to Support Partners in HIV/AIDS Internal Mainstreaming
8. Corporate Responses
9. Issues Relating to HIV/AIDS in the Workplace
9a. Faith
9b. Leadership
9c. Stigma
9d. Gender
9e. PLWAH in the workplace
9f. Rights
10. General literature on HIV/AIDS
1. Case studies
Taking the Initiative: HIV/AIDS workplace policies for NGOs in Ethiopia
Stop Aids Now! 2005
This report presents case studies of the ways that various NGOs and development agencies working in Ethiopia have dealt with staff affected by HIV/ AIDS. From these studies, some goals for tackling the problem are presented including awareness-raising, budgeting and adjusting internal policies.
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Managing HIV/AIDS in the Workplace: Examples of Nine NGOsin South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe
Oxfam Novib and International (By O’Grady, M.), 2004
Managing HIV/AIDS in the workplace is based on a study of nine NGOs in three countries. The results show that the impact of HIV/AIDS on NGOs is extensive. The lessons shared are on a range of different areas: workplace policies, training, human resource and financial implications as well as the area of NGO sustainability. One of the central recommendations is the need for greater dialogue between NGOs and their funders on the issue of support to develop workplace strategies but to also enable successful implementation of these policy intentions.
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Internal HIV/AIDS mainstreaming – Exchange no1.
Royal Tropical Institute, 2005
This paper includes insights on how to address HIV/AIDS in civil society organizations.
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Taking responsibility, Why, for Whom, for What and How? – Report of a study of HIV & AIDS workplace policies among and for share-net member organizations
Share-Net, 2005
Report of a study of HIV/AIDS workplace policies among and for Share-Net member organisations. The report gives an overview of the existing HIV and AIDS workplace policies and their implementation among Share-net members. It also gives guidelines and recommendations to Share-net members organizations (Dutch development organizations) how to organize their internal response to HIV and AIDS.
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The views of staff regarding HIV and AIDS in the Workplace in the SAN! partner organisations in Uganda - Quantitative Report
Stop Aids Now, 2007
This report presents the survey findings of Phase One for the applied research component of the Ugandan part of the STOP AIDS NOW! (SAN!) project ‘Managing HIV and AIDS in the Workplace’. The SAN! project is intended to support 76 partner organizations in developing and implementing policies on HIV and AIDS in the workplace.
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Building Capacity to Mainstream HIV/AIDS Internally: Reflecting on CABUNGO's Experience with NGOs in Malawi
Praxis Note13, Intrac, Rick James and CABUNGO, 2005
Most CSOs in Malawi are still turning a blind eye to the impact of HIV/AIDS in their own organisation. This is partly because, although individual staff are highly aware of HIV/AIDS issues, the internal impact on their own organisation is not very visible yet. Most CSOs do not yet fully appreciate the extent of what mainstreaming HIV/AIDS in their organisation means. We believe that if the programming side of an organisation is going to be effective, it is critical for an organisation to put its own house in order and mainstream HIV/AIDS internally.
Capacity Building in an AIDS-Affected Health Care Institution: Mulanje Mission Hospital, Malawi
Praxis Note11 (By Hans Rode), 2005
It is increasingly clear that capacity building for those civil society organisations (CSOs) working in contexts of high HIV/AIDS prevalence presents specific challenges and costs. However, there have been few documented experiences which explore these challenges and costs and suggest ways to address them appropriately. This Praxis Note is an attempt to fill that gap. It will initially provide an overview of the impacts of HIV/AIDS on the Malawi health care system and on the organisational capacity of Mulanje Mission Hospital (MMH). It will then describe the experiences and lessons learnt from the first four years of capacity building at MMH, a CSO in rural Malawi owned by the Church of Central Africa Presbyteria Blantyre Synod.
2. Guidelines and Tools
Working Positively – A Guide for NGOs Managing HIV/AIDS in the workplace
UK Consortium on AIDS and International Development, 2003
A guide for NGOs Managing HIV/AIDS in the workplace. This document provides some insight into the latest thinking on HIV/AIDS workplace policies and examples of some of the approaches adopted by different NGOs. The guide includes: • Components of a HIV/AIDS workplace strategy • Guide to developing a workplace strategy • Lessons from the NGO and commercial sector • Testimonies of HIV positive people • A list of reference websites and publications
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HIV and AIDS Mainstreaming Guide
VSO, 2004
This guide has been written drawing together the emerging learning VSO has around mainstreaming and on resources and experience from our country programmes. We hope that is a useful tool for putting mainstreaming into practice. Section 2 includes discussion on workplace policies.
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Test your Organisation with the 12 Boxes Framework: A Facilitators’ Guide to Support NGOs in Self-Assessing their Response to HIV&AIDS in their Workplace and in their Work Using a Gender Perspective
Oxfam Novib, 2007
This guide is written for development NGOs that are concerned about the HIV and AIDS epidemic, and how they might improve their response to it. The guide leads to three main outcomes on HIV and AIDS: •Analysis of the organisational and programmatic strengths and limitations on HIV and AIDS from a gender perspective. •Priorities for action to respond to and manage HIV and AIDS, in the workplace and
in the program work. •More commitment, understanding and energy from staff.
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HIV/AIDS Risk Analysis Tool
IIRR (Ethiopia), 2007
The HIV/AIDS Risk Analysis Tool is developed for your organization to be able to identify your organizational level of risk towards HIV/AIDS. The tool is adapted from IIRR’s Community Managed Disaster Risk Reduction (CMDRR) tool.
This document provides a description of the HIV/AIDS risk analysis and its three variables; hazard, vulnerability and capacity. Also an explanation is provided on how to use the HIV/AIDS risk analysis tool. Three exercises related to hazard, vulnerability and capacity are included. After conducting the exercises, your organization will have the opportunity to identify action points that will be of use for HIV/AIDS Workplace Policy development and implementation.
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Implementing the ILO Code of Practice on HIV/AIDS and the world of work: an education and training manual
International Labour Office (ILO), 2002
The manual is a training instrument which emphasizes practical activities and guidelines to help our constituents and other users apply the Code to national strategic plans and to develop targeted and effective workplace policies and programmes. It is also a source of information on HIV/AIDS from the perspective of the world of work.
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3. Developing Workplace Policies
Lessons on Addressing HIV and AIDS in the Workplace: Briefing Sheets
Care International, 2005
This document summarizes the lessons learned through CARE’s experience in developing an HIV and AIDS workplace policy. While the details of a workplace policy should be based upon the local context, the basic standards include:
• Following national and international labour laws and good practice guides
• Addressing the four major objectives of prevention, positive living, access and adherence to treatment, and mitigation of social and economic impacts
• Linking closely to other staff health or wellness policies
• Providing for basic services including HIV and AIDS education, access to condoms and the promotion of general wellness and positive living
• Once these basic building blocks are in place, policies can go on to include additional services
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Developing workplace and medical benefits policies to support staff with HIV
International HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2004
This report describes the process of developing policies on HIV/AIDS in the workplace and medical benefits with Alliance Linking Organisations in Cambodia, Senegal and Burkina Faso since 2002. It aims to help NGOs and other organisations develop their own policies. It includes a sample schedule for a technical support programme, sample workshop sessions plans, and sample policies. Source: International HIV/AIDS Alliance
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Guidance for developing chronic illness policies at country level - Case study
Save the Children, UK, 2003
At the beginning of 2003 Save the Children UK started to implement chronic illness that address the specific needs of HIV/AIDS. Their approach has been to develop guidelines that suggest best practice and stipulate areas to be addressed, however specifics are left up to field offices to implement according to local dynamics.
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What's it likely to cost? A Guide to Budgeting for Managing HIV and AIDS in the Workplace
Stop Aids Now! 2007
This document is an addition to Good Donorship in a Time of AIDS. Its purpose is to provide extra information on how to budget for HIV and AIDS workplace policies The tool is also available in Portuguese and Spanish.
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Human Resource Management and HIV/AIDS – A study among Share-Net members
Share-net (Russell Kerkhoven, Marianne Löwik), 2004
A brief literature review on ‘AIDS and Employment’ shows that updated information is available on the spread of HIV/AIDS and there is a growing collection of manuals on ‘how to develop an HIV/AIDS policy’. In addition, the outcome of organisational responses to HIV/AIDS is generally presented in the form of company statements, principles, road maps and checklists. However, the individual experience of attempting to develop or foster an organisational response to HIV/AIDS is still poorly documented. This study concludes that Dutch civil society organisations have so far barely started to address the employment dimensions of HIV/AIDS. The report contains first-hand experience by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs on its HIV/AIDS policy development process, plus comparative examples from various organisations.
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Workplace Guide for Managers and Labor Leaders: HIV/AIDS Policies and Programmes
SMARTwork, 2005
The SMARTWork Workplace Guide for Managers and Labor Leaders: HIV/AIDS Policies and Programs provides a thorough, step-by-step approach to help workplaces respond to the risks of HIV/AIDS through policies, prevention education, care, and support programs. Offering examples, best practices, and references from diverse employers and trade unions all over the world, the guide is designed to jointly engage employers and managers, labor unions and workers, and government representatives in forming and implementing workplace HIV/AIDS programs and policies. This document can be downloaded for free from the
SMARTwork website
A Healthy Workforce - A Toolkit for HIV and AIDS Advocacy and Behaviour Change Communication in the Workplace
SMARTwork, (no date)
The toolkit outlines the processes for creating and implementing a workplace HIV/AIDS policy in a simple, "do it yourself" format, and it also contains HIV/AIDS prevention education materials for workers and their partners."
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4. Capacity building and HIV/AIDS in the Workplace
Civil Society Capacity Building and the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: Perspectives and Strategies for PSO Members.
PSO and Alan Fowlder, (2004)
The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework and approach that could be used to develop strategies and interventions that address capacity building features of civil society. The paper was commissioned by PSO to serve as input in the PSO Learning Trajectory on HIV and AIDS.
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HIV/AIDS in the Commonwealth: Capacity Building Programmes—Facing the Reality of HIV/AIDS: Training, Managing and Motivating in Circumstances of High HIV/AIDS Prevalence
D. Hoover, M. McPherson, Harvard University; BHM International, Inc.; Associates for International Resources and Development; USAID/AFR/SD, 2001
This article discusses the economic and social ramifications of AIDS using experience from a capacity building project in Zambia. The article provides insight for capacity building in a situation where HIV prevalence is high and the death toll is rising. Although the authors admit that there are no simple answers for teaching, training, managing, organizing nd motivating employees in this circumstance, the Zambia case shows progress can only happen if there is a very flexible perspective.
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Capacity Building in Times of HIV and AIDS
VSO and Arjen Mulder, 2005
This publication is based on external evaluations of capacity-building interventions within the Regional AIDS Initiative of Southern Africa (RAISA), a programme of the international development agency Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO). Eight case studies are presented, giving examples of the work of some RAISA partners, their capacity-building needs, the support provided by VSO-RAISA and the lessons learnt.
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Building Organisational Resilience to HIV/AIDS: Implications for Capacity Building
Praxis paper 4, INTRAC, Rick James, 2005
This paper highlights the vital role of capacity building providers in ensuring that organisational resilience to HIV/AIDS is brought onto the agenda of their clients. Capacity builders need to be very aware of the issues and have the competencies to support clients in addressing HIV/AIDS mainstreaming in their external programmes and relationships as well as in their internal organisation. It will require HIV/AIDS specialists to develop OD skills as well as OD practitioners developing knowledge and skills in HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS will require capacity building practitioners to adapt both the content of their services and methods of delivery. Available in English, French, Spanish, Chinese and Russian
Building Capacity to Mainstream HIV/AIDS Internally: Reflecting on CABUNGO's Experience with NGOs in Malawi
Praxis Note13, Intrac, Rick James and CABUNGO, 2005
The annual death toll from HIV/AIDS now exceeds 3 million people – this is akin to the destruction of a tsunami every single month. In Malawi the rate of HIV prevalence in adults is almost one in four people (23%), and life expectancy has dropped below 39 years. This is having a profound impact on development in Malawi.
Yet surprisingly most CSOs in Malawi are still turning a blind eye to the impact of HIV/AIDS in their own organisation. This is partly because, although individual staff are highly aware of HIV/AIDS issues, the internal impact on their own organisation is not very visible yet. Most CSOs do not yet fully appreciate the extent of what mainstreaming HIV/AIDS in their organisation means. We believe that if the programming side of an organisation is going to be effective, it is critical for an organisation to put its own house in order and mainstream HIV/AIDS internally.
Capacity Building in an AIDS-Affected Health Care Institution: Mulanje Mission Hospital, Malawi
Praxis Note11 (By Hans Rode), 2005
It is increasingly clear that capacity building for those civil society organisations (CSOs) working in contexts of high HIV/AIDS prevalence presents specific challenges and costs. However, there have been few documented experiences which explore these challenges and costs and suggest ways to address them appropriately. This Praxis Note is an attempt to fill that gap. It will initially provide an overview of the impacts of HIV/AIDS on the Malawi health care system and on the organisational capacity of Mulanje Mission Hospital (MMH). It will then describe the experiences and lessons learnt from the first four years of capacity building at MMH, a CSO in rural Malawi owned by the Church of Central Africa Presbyteria Blantyre Synod.
5a. Impact of HIV/AIDS on Organisations
The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Civil Society: assessing and mitigating impacts: tools and models for NGOs and CBOs
HEARD (Ryann Manning) 2002
This report is the result of research into the current impact of HIV/AIDS on NGOs and CBOs in KwaZulu-Natal, the worst-affected province of South Africa. The interviews attempted to ascertain what, if any, internal impact the organizations had experienced from HIV/AIDS, and also explored the organisations’ current and future risk and any existing HIV/AIDS policies.
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The Organisational Impacts of HIV/AIDS on CSOs in Africa
PraxisPaper13. By Rick James with Brenda Katundu, Betsy Mboizi, Emily Drani, Daudi Kweba and Rogers Cidosa, 2006
The survival of many civil society organisations throughout sub-Saharan Africa is threatened by HIV/AIDS, but few are taking it seriously. Rick James, author of a new report on AIDS in the workplace concludes that HIV costs development agencies considerably more money to do significantly less work.
Research undertaken in Malawi, Uganda and Tanzania in 2005 revealed that at least one staff member had died of AIDS in more than 60 per cent of responding CSOs. HIV/AIDS leads to rising medical, funeral and pension costs for CSOs — increasing staff bills by seven per cent and reducing productivity by ten per cent per year, according to research estimates. The predictions for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa is that the impact of HIV/AIDS will get worse. This paper argues that immediate and proactive response from all stakeholders is necessary to avert a crisis for many CSOs.
HIV/AIDs in South East Asia
PraxisNote23. Mark Shepherd and Robert Baldwin, 2006
No-one really knows the impact of HIV/AIDs on organisations in South East Asia. The majority of research has been undertaken in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV in Asia, however, has significantly lower infection rates and different modes of transmission. This means the impact of HIV/AIDs on organisations is likely to be lower. But by how much? And for how long? Infection rates in many parts of South East Asia are rising and absolute numbers are high. It is possible that should HIV infection reach a critical mass or the disease mutate, Asian organisations could face a similar crisis to African ones.
Robbed of Dorothy! The Painful Realities of HIV/AIDS in an Organisation
PraxisNote12, Betsy Mboizi and Rick James, 2005
This is the story of how Dorothy, one of our staff members at CDRN, became sick and passed away. It is a story that is becoming all too familiar in Africa. We share it in the hope that the story of Dorothy’s death provokes you to realise that AIDS can happen to your organisation; that it does help to be prepared; and yet however prepared you are, AIDS in the organisation is so painful and costly that it shakes you to the core and challenges your very values.
The Crushing Impact of HIV/AIDS on Leadership in Malawi
Praxis Note 10, Intrac, Rick James, 2005
The impact of HIV on leaders infected by the virus is increasingly obvious and distressing, and yet the impact on leaders affected by the virus is more widespread and insidious. Leaders, in countries like Malawi, are not just leaders in their organisations (and having to bear the weight of HIV in their workplace), but are also leaders in their extended and rapidly extending families. Many leaders are being torn apart by cultural demands at home and professional demands at work. The current situation is impossible to sustain and something will soon give. Unless there is a change, good leaders and effective organisations may collapse, losing the most valuable, but also most vulnerable of development resources, and leaving Africa unable to rise to the mounting humanitarian challenge. Available in English, Spanish and Chinese
The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Selected Business Sectors in South Africa 2005
Bureau for Economic Research (BER) and South African Business Coalition on HIV & AIDS (SABCOHA), 2005
The survey results suggest that the mining sector, followed by the manufacturing and transport & storage sectors, are the worst affected among the sectors surveyed. Responses also differ significantly between companies of varying sizes and skills levels and between companies from different provinces. Compared to medium and large companies, a considerably lower percentage of small companies (with less than 100 employees) have noted HIV/AIDS related impacts.
Similarly, companies that employ predominantly semi- & unskilled workers have been much harder hit by the epidemic than companies that employ mainly highly skilled workers. Companies based in the Western Cape have experienced a significantly smaller impact compared to companies located in KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng, two provinces with some of the highest HIV prevalence rates.
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Economic Impact of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic & Its Impact On Governance
Ebony Consulting International, 2002
This report discusses the direct and indirect costs associated with HIV/AIDS at the firm level, the types of HIV/AIDS related effects that SMEs are experiencing, and the AIDS prevention and mitigation activities being undertaken by the SMEs. After examining the main constraints faced by SMEs in mitigating the effects of the pandemic, the conclusions are presented.
5b. Impact of HIV/AIDS on Societies
The labour market and employment implications of HIV/AIDS
ILO, Working Paper 1, (by Franklyn Lisk), 2002
Describes the economic implications of HIV/AIDS and focuses on labour and employment implications of the epidemic.
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HIV/AIDS and work: global estimates, impact and response
ILO, 2004
The document offers information, analysis and policy advice to stimulate discussion and decision taking by the ILO’s tripartite constituents. It takes stock of what we have achieved so far, recognizing successes and failings, and helping the ILO constituents and all those with a stake in the world of work to refocus and intensify their efforts.
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Best Practice Collection Guidelines for Studies of Social and Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS
UNAIDS (by Tony Barnett and Alan Whiteside) 2000
The present guidelines are intended to place socioeconomic impact studies in the planning process in a systematic way. One of UNAIDS’s major motivation for publishing this manual is to encourage countries to include impact information in their strategic planning process.
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6. Counting the Cost of HIV/AIDS on Organisations
Cost benefit analysis of HIV AIDS workplace programmes in Zambia
CHAMP, 2007
This study attempted to answer the question, “What are the costs and benefits of workplace HIV and AIDS programmes in Zambia when viewed across several companies?”. Seven companies that are part of the Global Development Alliance Programme in Zambia were included in this research. The companies range in size from 350 to 10,000 employees, and each company has an HIV workplace programme in place. All were within either the mining or agricultural sectors.
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The Organisational Impacts of HIV/AIDS on CSOs in Africa
Praxis paper13, INTRAC (By Rick James with Brenda Katundu, Betsy Mboizi, Emily Drani, Daudi Kweba and Rogers Cidosa), 2006
This research study assessed the economic and social costs of HIV and AIDS infection for the organisational capacities of selected CSOs in Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda. The findings enable local CSOs and international agencies throughout Africa to better predict strategic and budgetary implications of HIV and AIDS. [Printed copies of this paper are available to buy for £5.95.]
Counting the Organisational Cost of HIV/AIDS to Civil Society Organisations
Praxis Paper11. INTRAC (by Rick James with Brenda Katundu), 2006
HIV/AIDS mainstreaming has traditionally been equated with adjusting programmes to be more relevant to beneficiaries affected by HIV/AIDS. Bitter experience is demonstrating, however, that civil society organisations (CSOs) are not immune to the impacts of AIDS within their own organisations. Few local CSOs are responding adequately to this threat, partly because they simply do not know the extent of these costs.
This paper suggests how CSOs in sub-Saharan Africa can build organisational resilience in order to survive the loss of valuable staff, time and money that HIV/AIDS will cause. It also concludes with practical recommendations for their donors in how they can move beyond being ‘concerned bystanders’. [Printed copies of this paper are available to buy for £3.]
The Response of African Businesses to HIV/AIDS
Jonathon Simon, Sydney Rosen, Alan Whiteside, Jeffrey R. Vincent and Donald M. Thea, 2000
The purpose of this paper is to summarize what is known about the internal costs of HIV/AIDS to companies in Commonwealth countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Even without considering external (market) factors, it is possible to identify a dozen different types of workforce costs that HIV/AIDS will impose on African companies in the coming years. After briefly reviewing existing estimates of the costs of HIV/AIDS to business, we present a model for assessing these costs and describe some of the strategies companies are adopting to reduce the costs.
7. Donors’ Responses to Support Partners in HIV/AIDS Internal Mainstreaming
Good Donorship in a time of AIDS- Guidelines on support to partners to manage HIV and AIDS in workplace.
Stop Aids Now! 2006
The guidelines inform us why local NGO’s should have a workplace policy, and why within this policy special attention should be paid to HIV/aids. This document is a first attempt to set out what ‘good donorship’ means in a time of AIDS. It contains clear principles and commitments which are presented as separate text in boxes throughout the document, and which are also all listed together in Section 3. The guidelines are also available in French, Spanish and Portuguese
Good donorship in a time of HIV and AIDS_SAN!.pdf (691Kb)
Supporting NGO partners affected by HIV/AIDS
James, Rick and Dan Mullins, 2004 (Development in Practice, Vol. 14, No. 4, June)
Increasing numbers of international NGOs and official donors have responded to the crisis of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa by putting considerable and commendable effort into mainstreaming HIV/AIDS issues into their funding programmes. Many have shifted their funding strategies to prioritise support for HIV/AIDS programmes. Some, like DFID (the UK government Department for International Development) have even altered their systems of funding to ‘appraise HIV/AIDS compliance’, making mainstreaming a condition for financial support. But this emphasis on programme mainstreaming, though vital, is only a partial and technical response to the problem. While programme mainstreaming does recognise and address the impact of HIV/AIDS on ultimate beneficiaries at the grassroots level, it ignores the debilitating organisational impact that HIV/AIDS is also having on the local NGOs which are expected to implement the programmes.
8. Corporate Responses
Business Taking Action to Manage HIV/AIDS- A selection of business practices responding to HIV/AIDS in- and outside the Asian workplace
Asian Business Coalition on AIDS, 2002
The document gives readers a general overview of the business link to HIV/AIDS, workplace programs and how business can partner with the community in building their response to HIV/AIDS. The back of the publication includes a range of service providers in eleven countries throughout Asia.
Business Taking Action to Manage HIV AIDS.pdf (262Kb)
Employees & HIV/AIDS: actions for business leaders
Global Business Council on HIV/AIDS, 2002
The document provides advice to senior company directors on the feasibility and effectiveness of establishing HIV workplace programs. The Council has reviewed a number of HIV employee programs adopted by companies across a range of business interests in regions of the world with high HIV prevalence, including automotive manufacturing, breweries, electricity, petroleum and banking. These are followed by a list of contacts and references that company managers can use.
Employees and HIV AIDS; action for business leaders.pdf (302Kb)
HIV/AIDS and the Public Sector Work Force- An Action Guide For Managers
Family Health International (by Bill Rau), 2002
The workplace action guide is a practical, hands-on "how-to" guide, advising managers on how to create workplace programs in the developing world - and how not to. These lessons are illustrated with candid case studies of employers' experiences with HIV in the workplace.
WORKPLACE HIV AIDS PROGRAMS - An Action Guide For Managers.pdf (2467Kb)
HIV/AIDS in the Workplace - Good Practice Note 2
World Bank Group, 2002
This Good Practice Note is an introduction to the issue of HIV/AIDS in the workplace and is targeted at the private sector in developing countries. The Note seeks to provide companies with practical guidance and a range of options, based on corporate experiences, for designing and implementing prevention and care programs in support of employees and the communities in which they work and live.
Good Practice Note.pdf (550Kb)
Employers' handbook on HIV/AIDS: a guide for action
UNAIDS/ International Organisation of Employers (IOE), 2002
This Handbook will serve as a guide to employers’ organizations and their members in their endeavours to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS on their companies and business environments. The Handbook outlines a framework for action by both employers’ organizations and their members, providing examples of innovative responses to the pandemic by their counterparts in other parts of the world.
Employers' handbook on HIV AIDS_ a guide for action.pdf (609Kb)
The Business Response to HIV/AIDS: Impact and Lessons Learned
UNAIDS / The Prince of Wales Business Leaders Forum / The Global Business Council on HIV & AIDS, 2000
The report aims to provide assistance to business in recognizing the business case for further action against HIV/AIDS in the workplace and beyond.
The Business Response to HIV AIDS_ Impact and Lessons Learned.pdf (2056Kb)
Waking up to Risk: Corporate Response to HIV/AIDS in the workplace
UNRISD, UNAIDS, 2003
This paper looks at the response of large corporations to one of the most pressing developmental challenges facing countries in the global South today - HIV/AIDS. The paper presents results and analysis from global surveys of transnational corporations’ (TNCs) responses to the pandemic, as well as three surveys of large corporations in Brazil, the Philippines and South Africa, and case studies of selected corporations.
Company Case Studies: Responses of Two Large South African Companies to HIV/AIDS in the Workplace
Centre for Health Policy, 2004
The Centre for Health Policy (CHP), funded by the European Union, is engaged in documenting two in-depth case studies of South African companies and their responses to HIV/AIDS. The South African ICT company that is the subject of this report entered into a short term relationship with CHP to facilitate this process. The company was keen to use this process to gauge knowledge, attitudes and practices towards HIV/AIDS in the workplace. CHP had a broader perspective and was keen to employ a range of qualitative methods to understand and track how the company was responding to HIV/AIDS within the workplace.
Company Case Studies.pdf (483Kb)
Business and HIV/AIDS: Commitment and Action? A Global Review of the Business Response to HIV/AIDS 2004-2005
World Economic Forum, Harvard School of Public Health, UNAIDS (By David Bloom, Lakshmi Reddy Bloom, David Steven, Mark Weston), 2005
So what does this report, based on the second global survey of the business response to HIV and conducted by the Global Health Initiative of the World Economic Forum, tell us about what business is doing as the communities around them are being slowly eroded? Again, there is some good news, and some discouraging news. Overall, it seems that more companies have enacted policies and are running programmes to combat HIV. Even in countries with the highest rates of HIV (greater than 20% adult prevalence), however, more than one-quarter of companies have not done so. In other words, overall, businesses are still not doing enough.
Commitment and Action.pdf (1360Kb)
AIDS is your business
By Sydney Rosen, Jonathon Simon, Jeffrey R. Vincent, William MacLeod, Matthew Fox, Donald M. Thea (Harvard Business Review) Vol. 81, No. 1 Feb. 2003
How the epidemic is affecting companies in South Africa, and why responses that are good for public health are also good for business. This document can be purchased from hbs-website
The blueprint for business action on HIV AIDS
Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), 2005
During a consultative process of eighteen months, the "Blueprint of Business Action on HIV/AIDS" has been developed by a group of African experts and has resulted in seven practical modules and a software program that will guide you in assessing the impact of HIV/AIDS in your specific business setting, and assist you in exploring possible ways of moving forward. This package will be available free of charge on msd web-site (www.hiv-msd) and in hard copy in both an English and a French version. The seven Blueprint modules are concise booklets that guide companies on the following topics:
1. Partnerships: Examining the role and success factors of partnerships with civil society and public health professionals in developing and implementing a company’s HIV/AIDS workplace program
2. Policy: Development of an HIV/AIDS workplace policy and a plan to put the policy in place
3. Prevention: Organizing a cost-effective prevention program
4. Voluntary Counseling &Testing: Understanding the importance of voluntary counseling and testing as a gateway to other interventions
5. Treatment: Implementing an HIV/AIDS treatment program for employees and their dependents
6. Care and Support: Considering access to care and support to employees and dependents affected by HIV/AIDS
7. Monitoring and Evaluation: How to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of an HIV/AIDS workplace program
the tool can be downloaded for free from the MSD-website
9. Issues Relating to HIV/AIDS in the Workplace
9a. Faith
Towards a Policy on HIV/AIDS in the Workplace
World Council of Churches, 2006
This workplace policy has been developed by the World Council of Churches in conjunction with African Network of Religious Leaders Living with or personally affected by HIV & AIDS (ANERELA+) and the Global Network of People living with HIV/AIDS (GNP+) to fill this gap, to help churches take the lead, and embrace and accept people living with HIV both within and outside churches. Nothing could more effectively deal with stigma and discrimination than church leaders and congregants living openly with their HIV status in the full knowledge that they are both accepted and supported by their church.
World Council of Churches_Towards a Policy on HIV AIDS in the Workplace.pdf (110Kb)
Partnerships between churches and people living with HIV/AIDS organizations
World Council of Churches, 2005
These guidelines aim to foster partnerships so that both the churches and partnering organizations can nurture and sustain their collaboration. The focus is on the challenges and ways forward in creating partnerships between churches and PLWHA organizations, while giving a broader perspective on partnerships generally. These guidelines are to help churches to reach out to others skilfully and in a planned way, highlighting the reasons for forming partnerships, some of the challenges and suggest some ways forward, including by providing examples of existing partnerships and initiatives.
Compassion, Conversion, Care: Responding as Churches to the HIV/AIDS Pandemic
Lutheran World Federation, 2003
The purpose of this action plan is to motivate, strengthen and support member churches of the LWF to respond to the urgent pandemic of HIV/AIDS.
Compassion, Conversion, Care.pdf (216Kb)
9b. Leadership
Mentoring Leaders of HIV/AIDs Community-Based Organisations
PraxisNote24. Intrac (by Camilla Symes) 2006
Leadership is particularly important in small, informal organisations such as CBOs, being both their major strength and often their critical weakness. This Praxis Note describes an innovative mentoring approach to leadership development that simultaneously builds the capacity of the CBO as an organisation. This approach is being pioneered by the Barnabas Trust in South Africa which works alongside 53 HIV and AIDS-related CBOs.
The Crushing Impact of HIV/AIDS on Leadership in Malawi
Praxis Note 10, Intrac, Rick James, 2005
The impact of HIV on leaders infected by the virus is increasingly obvious and distressing, and yet the impact on leaders affected by the virus is more widespread and insidious. Leaders, in countries like Malawi, are not just leaders in their organisations (and having to bear the weight of HIV in their workplace), but are also leaders in their extended and rapidly extending families. Many leaders are being torn apart by cultural demands at home and professional demands at work. The current situation is impossible to sustain and something will soon give. Unless there is a change, good leaders and effective organisations may collapse, losing the most valuable, but also most vulnerable of development resources, and leaving Africa unable to rise to the mounting humanitarian challenge. Available in English, Spanish and Chinese
9c. Stigma
Addressing Stigma in Implementing HIV/AIDS Workplace Policy
PraxisNote 21. Intrac (by Angela Hadjipateras with Sunday Abwola and Harriet Akullu) 2006
Unless stigma is addressed, effective implementation of an HIV/AIDS policy is impossible. This note describes the experience of ACORD Uganda in their efforts to implement an effective workplace policy. It focuses in particular on the importance of addressing stigma within the organisation - both as an objective of the policy itself and as a pre-requisite of its effective implementation.
9d. Gender
Women, girls, HIV/AIDS and the world of work
ILO Briefing Paper, 2004
This paper discusses the gender implications of HIV/AIDS in the workplace.
Women, girls, HIV AIDS.pdf (259Kb)
9e. PLWAH in the workplace
Faces, Voices, and Skills Behind the GIPA Workplace Model in South Africa: UNAIDS Case Study
UNAIDS, 2002.
The report explores how best to involve people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in workplace responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
The Faces, Voices, and Skills.pdf (821Kb)
Story telling by colleagues living with HIV
Project Empower (No date)
Listening to experiences of people living with HIV helps people understand the issues and needs. The needs of colleagues living with the virus and the needs of community members are not different from each other. When personnel of an NGO understand the needs of colleagues living with the virus and listen to the real life stories, they are better able to work in the communities.
Story telling by colleagues living with HIV.doc (34Kb)
HIV/AIDS and workers' rights
Norwegian Church Aid (By Sephiri, T.) 2002
Stigmatisation and discrimination of HIV positives is an increasing problem all over the world. Infected people are kept away from work or they are discriminated at their workplaces. This paper is written by Thabo Sephiri currently working for FAFO, South Africa, and produced by Norwegian Church Aid. The paper discusses what challenges both employers and employees experience and it gives a suggestion on how these challenges can be met.
Norwegian Church Aid_Workers' Rights and HIV AIDS.pdf (975Kb)
10. General literature on HIV/AIDS
AIDS in the Twenty-First Century
Barnett, Tony and Whiteside Alan, 2002
AIDS and the Twenty-First Century examines the social and economic origins and impacts of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. HIV/AIDS is not only a medical problem. It is an indication of the scale of the global crisis in public health. The document can be purchased from different sources. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.
Letting Them Die: why HIV prevention programmes often fail
Catherine Campbell, 2003.
Reports on a three year study of a workplace HIV prevention intervention in a gold mining community near Johannesburg, South Africa. Contains material on issues of worker participation, wider community mobilisation and multi-stakeholder partnerships, lessons for people trying to use these as strategies to support HIV prevention efforts.
AIDS on the Agenda – Adapting Development and Humanitarian Programmes to Meet the Challenge of HIV/AIDS
Sue Holden, 2003 (Published by Oxfam GB in association with ActionAid and Save the Children UK)
AIDS on the Agenda is written for policy-makers, managers, and programme staff in development and humanitarian agencies, to promote debate about the challenges that confront them in a world which has been changed forever by the pandemic of AIDS. The book considers three possible responses to the problem:
• Do nothing
• Try to specialise in direct AIDS work.
• Adapt core programmes and internal systems to respond to the impact of AIDS.
The author argues for the third approach as the essential initial response to the problem. She shows how mainstream work in a wide range of sectors - including food security, livelihoods support, education, health promotion, and emergency provision of water and sanitation - can be modified to reduce susceptibility to HIV infection and vulnerability to the impact of AIDS. She also offers practical advice on modifying personnel and financial systems to protect the interests of staff and the viability of organisations when operating in AIDS-prone contexts.
Who cares? AIDS in Africa
Susan Hunter, 2003 (Published by Palgrave Macmillan, New York)
Susan Hunter illuminates the history and social dynamics of the AIDS pandemic through focusing on Africa. She combines personal stories from her 20 years of work in Africa, analysis of the raging debates on the topic (Mbeki's continued assertions that HIV does not cause AIDS), and discussion of the failures and successes achieved by global health organizations working in Africa with more sweeping discussion of the nature of epidemics and their affects on world history and our shared future.
AIDS as a security issue - Fact Sheet
UNAIDS, 2002
This short paper highlights the security aspect of HIV/AIDS. It argues that AIDS and global insecurity coexist in a vicious cycle.
HIV AIDS and Security_UNAIDS.pdf (154Kb)
Reproductive Health Services in KwaZulu Province South Africa: A Situation Analysis Study Focusing on HIV/AIDS Services
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA), 2003
This report describes a 2002-2003 study in KwaZulu Natal that expanded the methodology to cover important HIV/AIDS-related issues, including:
• The availability and quality of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services.
• The extent of integration of family planning (FP), antenatal care (ANC), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) services with HIV prevention.
• The extent of condom promotion and other HIV prevention strategies.
The goal of the study was to obtain information from a representative sample of provincial health care facilities in KwaZulu Natal offering RH services to identify gaps in service delivery and determine priorities for integration to meet the growing demand for HIV/AIDS-related services.
Reproductive Health Services in KwaZulu Natal.pdf (697Kb)
The Economic Impact of AIDS in Malawi
The policy project (by Dr. Lori Bollinger, John Stover, Dr. Martin Enock Palamuleni) 2000
The economic effects of AIDS will be felt first by individuals and their families, then ripple outwards to firms and businesses and the macro-economy. This paper will consider each of these levels in turn and provide examples from Malawi to illustrate these impacts.